Economic Analysis of Verifiable Parental Consent Mechanisms: Evaluating Impact on Consumers and Data Fiduciaries

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A February 2025 report by CUTS International examines whether the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023 requires verifiable parental consent (VPC) for minors under Section 9. The government's draft rules, 2025, propose to require parents to verify their identity through platform data or official digital services before children under 18 can access online platforms. However, the report warns that these limited methods may burden smaller platforms, reduce user satisfaction and conflict with global best practice. It calls for more flexible, balanced approaches that protect children without undermining online access or innovation.

More details of the report can be downloaded below.


Asheef Iqubbal, Senior Research Associate & Krishaank Jugiani, Senior Research Associate, CUTS International